How does two-factor authentication enhance security?

Two-factor authentication enhances security by requiring two forms of verification to access an account or system. This approach significantly increases the security posture because it adds an additional layer of protection beyond just a single password.

When a user attempts to log in, they must provide not only something they know, such as a password, but also something they have or are, such as a temporary code sent to their mobile device, a hardware token, or biometric information. This means that even if an attacker manages to acquire the password through phishing, brute force, or other means, they would still need the second form of verification to gain access, making unauthorized access much more difficult.

This multi-layered security measure is particularly effective because it addresses two different factors: knowledge (the password) and possession or characteristic (the second verification method). As a result, it greatly reduces the risks associated with compromised passwords and enhances overall security by ensuring that access cannot be gained with just one piece of information.