What is a SQL injection attack?

A SQL injection attack is defined as a code injection technique that exploits a vulnerability in an application’s software, particularly those that communicate with a database using structured query language (SQL).

This type of attack usually occurs when an application improperly filters or escapes user inputs, allowing an attacker to manipulate SQL queries executed by the database. By injecting malicious SQL code, an attacker can perform unauthorized actions, such as retrieving sensitive data, modifying records, or even deleting entire databases.

In contrast, while data theft can be a consequence of a successful SQL injection, it does not encompass the technical mechanism or method behind the attack itself. Similarly, methods of encrypting databases and web server configuration issues do not directly relate to the nature of SQL injection, as these topics involve securing data rather than exploiting vulnerabilities within applications. Thus, identifying SQL injection specifically as a code injection technique focuses on its malicious intent and operational method, making it the most accurate choice.